For example, the word “talked” not only describes a conversation event, but also importantly places this event in the past. Morphemes are the smallest units in human language capable of conveying particular meaning. Collectively, these findings reveal a detailed division of linguistic labor within the posterior–superior temporal lobe and suggest that functional morpheme processing constitutes an operationally discrete step in the series of computations essential to language production. Finally, small lesions localized to the gray matter in this area result in a selective functional morpheme-production deficit. Additionally, neural recordings within this area reveal the localized encoding of morphological properties and their planned production prior to speech onset. By using time-resolved cortical stimulations, neural recordings, and focal lesion evaluations, we show that inhibition of a small cortical area within the left dominant posterior–superior temporal lobe selectively impairs the ability to produce appropriate functional morphemes but does not distinctly affect semantic and lexical retrieval, comprehension, or articulation. Morphemes are the smallest meaning-carrying units in human language, and are among the most basic building blocks through which humans express specific ideas and concepts.
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